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LIGHT • Cattleya require moderate to bright light but avoid direct sunlight at midday as it can burn the leaves (the leaves become yellow). • characteristic plants get enough light is if the leaves are green.
AIR TEMPERATURE: • Good temperature between 13-16 ° C (55-60 ° F) at night and 21-30 ° C (70-85 ° F) at noon. • To plant the seeds must have a 3-5 ° C higher at night. • Recommended temperature differences 5-12 ° C between day and night, especially on older plants to flowering. • Higher temperatures (up to 35 ° C) can tolerate, if the humidity and increase air circulation and more light shade.
AIR HUMIDITY: 45% - 80%
Watering: • watering if the media had almost dried up at the base of the pot. • Flush more often when going to flowering and during flowering.
FERTILIZING: • Fertilizer should be given routinely. • Half of the dose on the label at each watering or 2 times a quarter in each watering.
POTTING: • Well, if placed in pots which can absorb water like a pot of soil and easy media channel such as excess water fern or charcoal. • Repotting can be done at the time the new roots begin to grow, not when will / was flowering. • If you've grown more than 6 trees grown can be broken at least 3 trees for each family. Cut the rhizome (stem that connects the tree with 1 other tree) and planted in pots masing2 new clumps. • For more information, see pages about repotting.
INTEREST: Cattleya flowers are usually large and fragrant. The average interest rate can survive 3-6 weeks.
Choosing the orchids that will be purchased: • Healthy green leaves are, shiny and smooth, without spots. Avoid plants that have yellow or brown spots on leaves and stems, due to possible disease. • Having a false stem or tuber (Pseudobulb) thick, strong and smooth, without spots. Avoid trunk / Pseudobulb wrinkled (probably due to lack of water). • Having a new saplings more (for sympodial orchids), so if the adults die, there instead. In addition, the opportunity to flowering is also greater. • Have used more flower stalks, which means that these orchids bloom quite diligent. • whole-stemmed flowers. The shaft is cut down one of the characteristics that the next flowering may also be truncated. • Kuntum flowers in full bloom and a half (the rate does not shrink), to better enjoy the beauty of the flowers long after purchase. • sturdy trunk was embedded in the pot. If there is the possibility of easy rocking the new orchid plant root system reset or not good. • Check the media, if there are pests (small insects) that crawl. Avoid plants with pests. • See the flower stalk, whether it comes from plants or cut flowers are planted in pots. There are bad sellers orchid, the plant cut flowers on the actual plant has not flowered with the intention to sell the value of these orchids could be higher.
Choosing orchid seeds: • Healthy with young green leaves, with no yellow or brown spots on leaves or stems. • The size of the second leaf is longer than 2 times the first leaf. These orchids will grow faster than the size of both leaves similar to the first leaf. Purple flowers. Of leaf color predictable, that is by looking at the lower surface of leaves. If purple flowers appear with the same color. However, that provision does not apply to other colors. To dendrobium, look at the trunk. If there is a purple color on the stem fibers are likely to purple (or violet color combinations) in interest. Catch whitefly. This small insect is white, can fly and attack by sucking the fluid leaves the leaf. In severe attacks the leaves become dry, stunted growth and the plants become stunted. These pests also indirectly as a virus spreader. To catch it, use plastic or tin used yellow butter. Yellow color attract small insects. Rub cooking oil on the surface. Oil is what will "trap" the little pests. Eliminate white patches on the leaves remaining minerals. To remove the remaining minerals in the leaves of which comes from fertilizer, flush with hati2 using a cloth / cotton dyed with acid solution (vinegar or lemon juice mixed with water - 1 teaspoon per 5 liters of water). Or can also use the milk. Do it more than once if it is not clean. Alcohol as a pesticide. 70% isopropyl alcohol can be used to root mealybugs, whiteflies, scale, fungus gnats, thrips and red spider myth. Clean the leaves / stems affected by pests, cotton bud (q-tip) dipped in alcohol. Repeat the "treatment" for a few days to eliminate the pest is also newly hatched (yellowish spots). Or can be sprayed with water and alcohol solution of 70% with a ratio of 1:1 plus 1 teaspoon of liquid soap.
Warning: Be hati2, alcohol can weaken the plant. Recommended only for the thick-leafed orchids, not to small leaves and thin. Cinnamon to treat infections fungi / bacteria. Ground cinnamon used for making cakes can be to treat fungus infections / bacteria in the orchid. Previous first wet leaves / stems to be treated so that the powder can stick. Then sprinkle the infected area with a little cinnamon. Not too much because it can kill the plants. Inflatable sections so that the rest of the powder from sticking to waste. Powder can also as an antibiotic for luka2 in plants. After the leaves or rotten roots cut, sprinkle a little powder on the scars to prevent new infections. New shoots (keiki) in Phalaenopsis. Phalaenopsis flower stems do not cut after the flowers wither (if still healthy stems brownish-green). It is possible that after 3-4 months later the new flowers will grow from the stalk. Or, kadang2 the stem will form a new plant shoots (keiki). If you want to separate the buds, wait until the roots grow at least 3 pieces with a minimum length of 5 cm. Cut the flower stalk close to the keiki and plant with the appropriate media (eg sphagnum moss). Rainwater to water the orchids. Precipitation is very good for orchids. But his attention pH, which both around 5.5-6.5. When it rains do not immediately accommodated because it contains dirt and dust from the tiles or the roof of the house. After the rain lasted 5-10 minutes, the capacity to clean plastic bucket and if it has full cover tightly to prevent mosquitoes or infected with fungi nesting. To raise the pH is too acidic (pH <6), save the rain all night and give an intensive air bubbles (can use as an aquarium aerator). Removing the roots attached to the pot. When will replace the pot (repotting), the roots of orchids that have been glued to the pot would be difficult to be released without damage. To fix this, soak the entire pot with plain water for some time. After the pot was very wet, tucked carefully thin knife (box cutter or razor blade) between the roots and pot. Do all these embedded roots. Maybe there are one or two roots that are not successfully removed in one piece. Patience is the key. Order Phalaenopsis flowers. • Temperature and light are major factors for most types of Phalaenopsis can bloom. • To form a flower stalk (spike), keep the temperature consistently below 28 ° C (82 ° F). At a temperature 32 ° C (90 ° F), even if only for a short time, will prevent the formation of flower stalks. In other words, to hold that not flowering, keep the temperature remains above 28 ° C (82 ° F) or raise the shade to 50% (light is). • To be on a stalk have more interest, since the size of the flower stem length of 5 cm (2 inch) to consistently keep the temperature between 18 ° C (65F) to 25 ° C (77 ° F). • In addition, do not forget also to give fertilizer regularly. Semi-hydroponics (S / H). is the plant maintenance methods using non-organic media. Because the water does not flow continuously like in the real hydroponic system hence is called a semi-hydroponics. • Media are used to form granules (pellets) clay (clay pellets), rocks, pumice stone, etc.. • Pot used is a sealed pot and made a hole beside kira2 height 2.5cm (1 inch) from the bottom of the pot with 0.6cm (1 / 4 inch). We recommend using a transparent pot (eg mineral water bottle cut it) to make it easier to see the water level in the pot and akar2nya growth. • Enter the media to fill the pot bottom to the hole boundary, and enter the plant root position, the bottom still be above the hole tsb. Hide tsb plant roots with the media again. • Flush the pot until the water out of the hole beside the pot. The water can be mixed fertilizers with very low doses, because the plants will receive a constant supply of nutrients. Place potted plants where they will be in accordance with the light needed by plants tsb. • Flush back if the water was up at all until the bottom pot, but before rinse with running water for several minutes to remove the remaining salt / fertilizer in the pot and the media. This method can help save the orchids that "critical" because the loss akar2nya rotten / damaged.
Orchids like other plants can be attacked by pests and diseases that come from insects, fungus (fungus), bacteria and viruses. Pests and diseases can interfere with growth, even at great attack can cause death in plants. The virus can not be treated, and can spread to other plants. If the plants exposed to the virus, the best way is to destroy it by burning. Suggestions for the prevention of pests and diseases: • Keep plants and environmental hygiene. Clean plants will prevent the emergence of micro-organisms. o Clean-root tubers, remove all the leaves and stem are brown roots before planting. Sela2 leaf midrib and stems can be potentially as a nest of vermin. o Soak the plants with a disinfectant and planting in clean media. o Clean all garden tools before and after use. • Control humidity. Humid air needed for the formation, propagation and spread of fungi. By controlling the humidity will reduce the level of development of fungi. Recommended humidity control are as follows: a. Plants and seeds of plants grown in pots with a solid material such as plastic. b. Improve air circulation in the area planted. Dispose of dead plants and old leaves to prevent the damp areas. c. Start planting area decreased slightly to form a good irrigation system and prevent puddles of water. • Conduct periodic spraying of pesticides. In the dry season is more focused attention to pest and insecticide spraying done more often if necessary. In the rainy season is more attention directed to the bacteria and fungus and fungicide spraying can be done more frequently. • Control of animal disease vectors. Ants, slugs / snails, rodents (mice) can carry the germs of fungi as. For the population of these pests should be kept minimum. • Quarantine new plants. If a new plant, do not directly coupled with the location of existing plants. Separate (quarantine) the orchid in a separate place a few weeks until I was sure the new plant is healthy. To avoid pest attack, I prefer to use an organic insecticide that is Neem Oil. Neem oil comes from trees mimba (neem-tree) and because it does not contain harmful chemicals so friendly to the environment. This proved minimal in my own orchids. Orchids growing in places there are small fish pond and earlier each time a chemical insecticide spraying there is a fish that died from poisoning. But after using Neem oil is no longer a dead fish in the pond, although there is still a remaining solution, and last but not least, my orchid collection is safe from pests. Plus, the leaves become shiny like it had been in the polish. Neem oil also includes a systemic insecticide, which when absorbed by the plants will be toxic to insects that will eat the plant. Neem oil can also prevent some fungi and bacteria (works as a fungicide). More information can be found on page NeemBa Oil. Chemical insecticides such as: Akothion, Decis, Kelthane, Supracide, Curacron etc. I use to clean the newly acquired plants, or if the pest has occurred. To prevent bacteria and fungus is also used sterilant / disinfectant Physan 20, Dithane-M45 and Benlate. Spraying done regularly, neem oil for 2-4 weeks, and fungicides 4-6 weeks depending on the time off. In the rainy season, spraying fungicide be more frequent (once a week), especially for Phalaenopsis species vulnerable to disease. Highly recommended to use a different pesticide spraying every time. Avoid the use of one type of pesticide for a long period of time, to avoid immune / immune to these pests to pesticides.
Replacement of planting pots and media (repotting) can be done every 2-3 years or if: • planting media has been damaged / destroyed / rot or become acidic (pH <5) which will inhibit plant growth. • there is a white crust (the remaining fertilizer) on the media that can kill plants if exposed roots. • plants and / or composition of the roots had grown out of the pot. Do repotting after flowering is complete and begin to grow new roots. The procedure of repotting: • Before use, soak the media first and potted plants will be used in fungicide solution (physan 20 or Dithane M-45) according to their proportion for a few minutes to kill the fungus. Also sterilize the cutting tools to be used by soaking in a solution also physan-20 is. • Soak the planting medium to a solution of vitamin B1 (especially for plants) for some time, if necessary, all night to penetrate the growing medium to reduce stress on the orchids to be grown and accelerate the growth of new roots. • Remove the plant from the old pot carefully so that their roots are not much damaged / broken. To remove the roots that have been glued to the pot, soak the entire pot with water until the roots are starting off from the pot. Or can be helped by using a thin knife (box cutter or razor blade) is inserted between the roots and pot. Maybe there are one or two roots that are not successfully removed in one piece. Patience is the key. • Once removed from the old pot, remove all remaining media attached to plant roots. Cut the roots of dead / bad (dark brown color) with a sterile cutter. For simpodial orchids, clumps can be broken up and planted in different pots (at least 3 fully grown trees for each family). • Soak the plants with a solution of vitamin B1 a few minutes to reduce stress on the plant and accelerate the growth of new roots. • Once planted in the new pot, put in place a rather shady and moist. Do not flush too much, and add vitamin B1 on the first or 3-4 watering until new roots begin to grow.
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